Install google analytics site studio jobs

I'm in need of a skilled developer to create an intelligent transaction monitoring platform with big data capabilities, specifically focusing on real-time monitoring and fraud detection. Key Features: - The system should support real-time monitoring of transaction data. - It should have fraud detection capabilities. - Data visualization to aid in tracking and analysis. - Analytics for evaluating transaction patterns and identifying potential issues. - Smooth Data Pipeline with Realtime streaming for efficient data handling. - API integration with third parties to ensure seamless operation. Target Audience: This platform is primarily aimed at banking and financial institutions, as well as e-commerce companies. Preferred Technology Stack: - Java & Python for the core of ...

I'm looking for a skilled professional to enhance my Google My Business profile. Key Responsibilities: - Ensure my phone number and business hours are correctly displayed. - Recommend and implement additional information that will benefit my business. Ideal Skills/Experience: - Experience in setting up and optimizing Google My Business profiles. - Knowledge of strategies to increase local search visibility. - Ability to enhance customer engagement. - Expertise in collecting and managing reviews.

I am looking for a skilled professional who can help me compile OBS Studio from source with an old version of obs-browser (CEF version 75). This project is for personal use, so I'm not looking to distribute it to others. I need flash support, which works great with OBS version 24.0.3. But I'm looking to move to version 30.x for its WebRTC support and I need the old browser plugin. Old version of the plugin, available on GitHub '' is working on the latest v.30.1.2, but lacks support for browser audio. Key Requirements: - Compiling OBS Studio from source - Integrating an old version of obs-browser (CEF 75) Your Involvement: Since this is for personal use, I'm comfortable managing the setup process on my own. I am mainly looking for someone to help m...

Can we talk about my project? Freelancer took down my post. There are 3503 items that I need scraped. You quote me $100. Can I see example of work.

...PHPMyAdmin to resolve. Additionally, I require some new functions to be added to my website's admin panel. Key Areas of Work: - Fixing Error Messages: The site is currently displaying error messages related to database connections and functionality. These need to be debugged and resolved. - Adding New Functions: I'm looking to enhance the admin panel with new features in the following areas: - User Management: I need a more robust user management system to be implemented. - Content Management: The content management system should be optimized for smoother operation. - Reporting and Analytics: I require better tools for analytics and reporting within the admin panel. Ideal Developer: The ideal candidate for this project should have: - Extensive expe...

I'm seeking a specialised CodeIgnitor and phpMyAdmin expert to enhance my betting website's backend. As part of a 5-hour daily commitment, the role involves: - Integrating a UPI payment gateway in the admin panel. I've chosen Google Pay as the preferred UPI platform. - Setting up data analytics and reporting, crucial for measuring and optimizing our betting system's performance. Prior experience with betting sites, UPI integrations and systems reporting is desirable. If you're a driven problem solver who enjoys developing sophisticated functionalities, I'd love to hear from you.

I'm seeking a talented web designer to create a modern, bold portfolio website for my business. It's essential that you have a fresh, innovative approach and previous experience building portfolio websites. Key Features: - Custom buttons: Engaging and interactive buttons are an absolute must. - Bold Design: The style should be modern a...brand purpose, show our professionalism, and stand out from the competition. Required Skills: - Strong understanding and experience in portfolio website design - Creativity and innovation - Experience in creating custom buttons - Understanding modern design trends and principles. If you're someone who knows their way around website design and can deliver a visually exciting and accessible site, please bid. Let's create s...

I am looking for an experienced Android developer to help with a couple of key issues in my app. The primary focus should be on UI improvements. Key Tasks: token refresh functionality ignore battery optimize permission run at ...battery optimize permission run at startups functionality UI change 2 new api's refactor code for easier maintenance currently displayes persistent notification dont want it Other requirements: - The app's token refresh mechanism must be revised and optimized - You should be able to ignore battery optimization permission I would ideally like a freelancer who is experienced with Java, Android Studio and UI/UX principles. Experience with token refresh mechanisms and battery optimization is also highly desirable. Please provide examples of pre...

I have a CS-Cart Multi-Vendor site that experienced a severe breakdown following a failed upgrade. This has led to a range of issues from broken layout to persistent error messages. Additionally, after the failed upgrade, the database is out of sync. The site needs urgent attention to get it back on track. Your primary role on this project will be: - Debug and fix the bad upgrade: This includes addressing the broken layout, error messages, and the out-of-sync database issue. - Server Configuration & Security Audit: Given that I've made changes to the server configuration and security settings post the failed upgrade, it's crucial to assess these modifications and ensure they're functioning optimally and not contributing to the site's issues. - Optim...

...but with some additional features. The main features of the project include: - Customizable user interface: The dashboard should allow users to customize their views and layouts to suit their needs. - Reporting and Analytics: I need the dashboard to provide comprehensive reporting and analytics features for tracking: - Email marketing metrics - Lead generation metrics - Social media metrics Additionally, the dashboard should be able to integrate with various third-party applications. These applications include: - Google Analytics - Twilio - Facebook - Instagram - Google Reviews The ideal freelancer for this project should have experience with marketing dashboards, multi-tenant systems, and API integrations. Proficiency in working with Twilio a...

I'm in need of a skilled video editor for my latest project. The primary goal is to ensure that the video is engaging and professional. Key requirements for this project are: - Basic editing (FCPX) to trim and arrange the footage in a coherent manner. - Quick turnaround: the project should be completed within a month. -Basic Color Grading We are a photography studio that does behind the scenes and highlight videos of our clients (women’s beauty, maternity, and newborns/children). I need an expert in Final Cut to be able to create captivating 4k videos (2-3 minutes in length and possibly vertical reels 1080x1920 of their sessions (all raw footage provided) we shoot with Sony A7s3 / s-cinetone color profile.

...social media advertising professional to creatively and effectively design and manage Facebook Ads, intended to significantly drive traffic to my site. Key Project Details: - The predominant objective of this campaign is to drive website traffic substantially. - The ads should specifically target young and middle-aged adults (18-35). - There is no strict deadline for project completion. Skills and Experience: - Expert in Social Media Marketing. - Proven experience in managing successful Facebook ads campaign. - Knowledge of audience targeting and retargeting. - Creativity and a keen eye for compelling ad design. - Proficiency in ad analytics and optimization gears towards driving website traffic. Please ensure to share your portfolio showcasing similar projects you&#...

I need a Google Ads expert to set up and optimize Analytics 4 and AdWords campaigns for my online sales site. Key Requirements: - Proficiency in setting up and optimizing Google Analytics 4 and AdWords campaigns. - Proven track record in increasing website traffic and boosting online sales through successful campaign management. - Deep understanding of online consumer behavior and preferences for effective targeting. Please tailor your bid to reflect your relevant experience and expertise in these areas.

I am looking for a skilled freelancer who has extensive experience in managing ads on both Google and Facebook. The main goal of this project is to increase the traffic to my website, focusing on professionals aged between 35-54 years. The ideal candidate for this job should have: - Proven experience in managing Google and Facebook ad campaigns - A track record of achieving the goal of increased website traffic - A deep understanding of the professional demographic on these platforms - Excellent analytical skills to monitor and optimize the campaign's performance Please provide examples of your previous successful campaigns and details of how you plan to execute this project.

As a business focused on making data-driven decisions, I am seeking an expert to create a data analytics tool from scratch using ReactJS and AWS. The tool will analyze an array of data sources and present the results using insightful visualization techniques. Here are the requirements: - Implement Amazon Cognito for user authentication and authorization - Utilize AWS Amplify for the app's development and deployment - Integrate AWS API Gateway for efficient data exchange - Integrate Stripe for payments. Need complete flow Our tech stack looks like: - Amazon Amplify for app backend, and front end - Gatsby JS coupled with AppSync for front end - Amplify UI and MUI Material for UI components Features that I need: - End to end user journey - from login/registration to offering p...

I'm seeking an experienced data scientist and analyst to support me in improving my business operations through a data-driven approach. The project will involve tackling tasks across data cleaning, statistical analysis, and data structuring and algorithm implementation. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in data cleaning and preprocessing to ensure that the data is in its most u...working with financial and sales data to analyze trends, identify key performance indicators, and make strategic business recommendations. - Customer Feedback and Surveys: Ability to interpret this kind of data to help improve customer satisfaction and loyalty. Your work will be pivotal in helping me enhance my business operations and decision-making process through the power of data science and ...

Engaging a Verification Technician who specializes in Google applications. I need assistance in assessing and onboarding small business clients, and in analyzing their Google Business Profile (GBP) health/optimization. The hired expert should: - Understand and evaluate my small business clients' needs - Integrate new clients into our service portfolio - Be able to develop relationships with Google representatives to achieve fair solutions - Review Google listings for possible violations and provide solutions to issues encountered - Take instructions and assist in getting suspended Google business listings published - Aid in the removal of duplicate listings on the Google databases. The end goal is to possess an active listing on Google...

Hi, Looking for a freelancer who take a site visit and confirm about a site, Just a site visit project and check address validation, ongoing work in future, further discus about task after freelancer response. more information will be provided to the selected freelancer.

...talented WordPress developer to create a professional website for my construction company. I've skipped the specific pages and special features questions, as I'm open to suggestions and best practices regarding what to include to make the site appealing and functional. Key requirements include: - full web design and build on CMS tool like Wordpress, drupal - goal of website is to convert leads to sales calls - need someone with good graphic design experience so that the site has a modern look and isn't too cookie cutter/cheap looking - need to be build for web analytics - below are some examples of sites id like to mimic in a way Ideal skills and experience for this job include: - Proficiency in WordPress

Please apply only if you can start immediately Based on the information provided, it appears you're seeking expert assistance in creating an AWS (Amazon Web Services) solution. While the project details are not specified, the ...information is needed for a comprehensive freelancer proposal. This might include details about your scalability, security, and cost-efficiency requirements or the business context that the solution is intended for. It also would be useful to understand your goals or desired outcomes for the AWS solution and report, such as increased operational efficiency, streamlined processes, or improved data analytics. Despite the current lack of specifications, I'm ready to work with you to develop an AWS solution - tailored for your needs and then write an ...

I am looking for an experienced Android developer to help with a couple of key issues in my app. The primary focus should be on UI improvements. Key Tasks: token refresh functionality ignore battery optimize permission run at ...battery optimize permission run at startups functionality UI change 2 new api's refactor code for easier maintenance currently displayes persistent notification dont want it Other requirements: - The app's token refresh mechanism must be revised and optimized - You should be able to ignore battery optimization permission I would ideally like a freelancer who is experienced with Java, Android Studio and UI/UX principles. Experience with token refresh mechanisms and battery optimization is also highly desirable. Please provide examples of pre...

Please apply only if you can start immediately Based on the information provided, it appears you're seeking expert assistance in creating an AWS (Amazon Web Services) solution. While the project details are not specified, the ...information is needed for a comprehensive freelancer proposal. This might include details about your scalability, security, and cost-efficiency requirements or the business context that the solution is intended for. It also would be useful to understand your goals or desired outcomes for the AWS solution and report, such as increased operational efficiency, streamlined processes, or improved data analytics. Despite the current lack of specifications, I'm ready to work with you to develop an AWS solution - tailored for your needs and then write an ...

1 Month Google ad 1 Month Google ad Update reports and suggestion

I'm looking to migrate my current Shopify store to a new platform, specifically WordPress. The goal of this new...Options: The ability for my customers to tailor and personalize their purchases. - User Accounts and Profiles: A seamless system for users to create accounts, save preferences, and view order history. - Advanced Search and Filter Options: A robust search functionality with filters to help customers find products quickly and easily. This project will involve not just the migration of the current site but also the creation of a new domain. I need a skilled web developer who has experience with E-commerce websites, particularly on WordPress. Familiarity with Shopify migration would be a plus. Prior work that shows the successful integration of these features would be...

I require a proficient WPF developer to design and create a user-friendly desktop application with the functionality and design, on par with that of Visual Studio. My project would need your expertise in: - Data Binding: Connecting the software to a database for efficient processing and managing of information. - UI Design: As Visual Studio served as inspiration, the application must have a clean, intuitive user interface, prioritizing user experience. - Navigation and Control: Implement a logical, coherent system to smoothly navigate around the application. The ideal candidate should have experience developing desktop applications, data visualization tools, and creating user-friendly interfaces, particularly in WPF. Familiarity with Visual Studio's design is a plus.

We are seeking a motivated and enthusiastic SEO Intern to join our team. This is an excellent opportunity for someone who is passionate about digital marketing and eager to gain hands-on expe...optimization. Responsibilities: Assist in keyword research and analysis to identify new opportunities for content optimization Help optimize website content, including writing meta tags, meta descriptions, and optimizing on-page elements Support link building efforts by researching and identifying potential link opportunities Monitor and report on website performance using tools such as Google Analytics and Google Search Console Stay up-to-date with the latest trends and best practices in SEO and digital marketing Collaborate with team members on various SEO initiatives and pr...

as discussed :)

I'm looking for a skilled designer and copywriter to enhance the look and description of the Saarey Music app store listing on Google Play Store. The current Store Listing Conversion Rate is 30%. The goal is to be >60%. See: The engaged freelancer must: - Enhance the existing app description with more captivating and engaging text which aligns well with the audience of South Asian classical music. - Create new, exciting promotional banners, graphics that illustrate the essence of Saarey Music and South Asian classical music. - Redesign the app screenshots, making them more attractive and appealing to capture the interest of potential users. - Make any other changes necessary to achieve the >60% conversion target

Storecheckers are a Global Market Research and Mystery Shopping company. We undertake worldwide mystery shopping visits and audits. This assignment is an audit of an Examination Centre, checking that the security standards are being met. You MUST HAVE fluent English skills, and you must be able to communicate in a professional manner and be smart and well-presented, as you will be representing us during the audit. As an auditor, you will arrive at the test center an hour before the start of the exam, give your ID, show a letter of authorization, which we will provide for you beforehand, and tell them what you are there to do. You will then sit with the TCA or the manager and ask a series of questions, and ask to see various things. The audit itself is very simple and easy, as we give yo...

Storecheckers are a Global Market Research and Mystery Shopping company. We undertake worldwide mystery shopping visits and audits. This assignment is an audit of an Examination Centre, checking that the security standards are being met. You MUST HAVE fluent English skills, and you must be able to communicate in a professional manner and be smart and well-presented, as you will be representing us during the audit. As an auditor, you will arrive at the test center an hour before the start of the exam, give your ID, show a letter of authorization, which we will provide for you beforehand, and tell them what you are there to do. You will then sit with the TCA or the manager and ask a series of questions, and ask to see various things. The audit itself is very simple and easy, as we give yo...

My WordPress website is redirecting to unknown sites and showing signs of injected Javascript. I've experienced this issue despite keeping my WordPress and plugins up to date. Key Requirements: - Identify the malware and its entry point - Remove all malware and traces of injected Javascript - Restore website to its original, clean state - Provide recommendations to prevent future attacks I have full access to my website's hosting environment. Ideal candidates should have proven experience in malware removal for WordPress sites and possess a strong understanding of web security best practices. Please share your approach and experience in your bid.

I am seeking a social media marketing guru who can amplify my bran...brand's visibility on Facebook and Instagram. Key tasks include: - Develop and implement a strategic social media plan that increases brand presence and engages with young adults. Skills & Experience: - Proficient in using Facebook and Instagram for brand marketing. - Proven track record in creating engaging content tailored to a young adult audience. - Understands and can use social media analytics to track campaign success and inform decisions. - Background in boosting brand awareness, preferably within a similar audience demographic. The end goal of this collaborative effort is to connect with, and make my brand more visible to, young adults. Solid experience with other brand awareness campaigns i...

I'm in need of a comprehensive warehouse inventory replenishment tracking system for our Fastener drawer at Home Depot. The system should have a focus on reporting and analytics, real-time bin shrink, and work with an electronic keypad and analog/digital interface. Key Features: - **Reporting and Analytics:** The system should provide insightful reports on inventory levels and trends. This will help us make data-driven decisions. - **Real-Time Bin Shrink:** I need to know if the quantity of items in the bin matches the recorded amount. - **Interface:** A mobile app interface will be ideal, making it easy for staff to work on the go. Inventory Tracking: - The system should involve manual entry for inventory tracking. The system should be user-friendly and easy ...

Looking for a skillful MERN Stack developer to assist in crafting an engaging and interactive web application. The project specifics require expertise in the following: * Development with MongoDB and Node.js - All database operations will be managed with MongoDB. * Building Web Applications - The main goal is to develop an intricate and dynamic web application, capable of maintaining user engagement and facilitating seamless navigation. Ideal candidates should have a portfolio showcasing previous work of a similar nature. Creativity is a bonus, as we are looking for innovative ways to enhance user interactivity.

In the contemporary digital age, the legal landscape is evolving rapidly, and the need for efficient, accessible legal services has never been greater. Our project aims to revolutionize the traditional legal pract...and attend virtual appointments with their lawyers at their convenience, eliminating the need for travel and allowing for flexible scheduling. Secure Document Exchange: Clients can securely upload, share, and access sensitive legal documents through the platform, ensuring confidentiality and data protection. By leveraging cutting-edge technology and innovative solutions, our dematerialized legal studio platform empowers both clients and legal professionals to navigate the legal landscape efficiently, transparently, and conveniently, ushering in a new era of legal service...

I am looking to build a functional e-commerce website for selling physical products. The site needs to be user-friendly, scalable, and robust. Here's what I am looking for: Similar Site: - Product Organization: with a clear categorization by product type - Versatile Payment Options: the site must support all payment methods including Credit Card, PayPal, and Bank transfer - Admin Panel: a powerful and convenient admin panel to add or remove products, manage orders, and customer data. Ideal skills required include: expertise in e-commerce website design, understanding of different payment processing systems, and proficiency in building secure admin panels. Prior experience in developing similar websites would be appreciated. The main aim is to provide an easy-t...

...As a Site Verifier, you will be responsible for verifying a company’s existence through visual data by conducting a site visit to ensure that we provide reliable and accurate information to our client. JOB DESCRIPTION: • Conduct basic verification with the subject company’s authorized representative, such as line of business, key executives' name, etc. • Take pictures of the subject company and its vicinity, as per Confirmis’ standard operating guidelines. • Provide observation about the company to gauge activeness, e.g., staff working at the premise, loading/unloading of goods, etc. REQUIREMENTS: • Must be living in (or nearby) San Fabian, Pangasinan, Philippines • Has a camera or phone/tablet of quality with a camer...

I am in need of a skilled Prestashop developer to customize a pre-built theme for my e-commerce website, - Your ability to communicate effectively and adhere to deadlines will be crucial. Skills needed: - Theme customization - Good communication and time management skills. I am just looking to have all my sections moved around so that they are roughly in the same positions as this image + other mini projects if all is OK

...Improving the navigation to ensure a smooth and intuitive user experience. - Streamlining the dashboard layout to make it more user-friendly and efficient. Incorporating a Modern, Minimalist, Vibrant, and Colorful design is essential. It should be clean and professional, to achieve a visually appealing, yet functional interface. You will also be required to implement Data visualization and analytics features to our dashboard. This requires a good understanding of how to visually represent complex data in a clear and understandable manner. Ideal skills and experience for this job include: - Proficient in React and UI/UX design. - Strong portfolio demonstrating previous work in creating visually appealing interfaces. - Prior experience with dashboard design and data visualizat...

Looking for a Google Cloud Platform (GCP) expert who can assist with Cloud Functions and Vision API integration and deploy function on google cloud - Your main focus will be integrating Vision API for images batch processing and setting up Cloud Functions. The urls of images will be in excel file in google cloud. The parse result to be placed in columns next to url column. - The data primarily processed with text detection. Ideal Candidate: - Proficient in GCP services, specifically Cloud Functions and Vision API. - Experienced in setting up GCP services for one function. - Skilled in implementing Vision API for image processing. - Strong understanding of data processing in GCP.

In our wordpress website we get a redirect to a spam website. Hope someone can help us now.

...who can help optimize my YouTube channel and track the analytics. Key Responsibilities: - Channel Optimization: You should be able to maximize the visibility and appeal of my channel. This includes improving the channel's aesthetics, metadata, and overall structure. - Analytics Tracking: Your expertise in tracking the channel's analytics is crucial. You will be responsible for analyzing the performance data and identifying areas for improvement. Requirements: - Experience in YouTube channel optimization and analytics tracking. - Proven track record of boosting video views. - Strong understanding of YouTube's algorithms and best practices. Ideal Candidate: - A YouTube expert with a history of successful channel optimization and analytics...

I'm in need of a WordPress expert to install and configure Yoast SEO plugin on my site. The task primarily involves: - Expert installation of Yoast SEO plugin - Proper plugin configuration to ensure optimal site performance - Allowing for efficient future content management Ideal candidates should have a solid background in WordPress plugin installation and configuration, preferably with Yoast SEO plugin. Proven expertise in SEO strategies and practices is highly valued for this role. The goal is to effectively improve site SEO through this plugin installation. Substantial experience in similar projects is a huge plus.

I need a skilled professional to set up Google Ads Conversion and Tag Manager specifically for tracking Needs - Google Ads Conversion Setup - Google Ads Conversion Tracking in Google Tag Manager Setuo - Google Tag Manager Setup Ga4 - Google Analytics Setup Key deliverables: - Implement proper tracking of 'Click on ads' - Ensure seamless tracking of 'Click on ads' across all landing pages and ad campaigns - Provide insights and recommendations for enhancing ad performance based on data analysis - Troubleshoot and resolve any potential issues with the tracking Ideal Candidate: - Proven experience with Google Ads and Tag Manager - Strong understanding of ad performance analysis - Ability to implement custom trac...

I have a need for a professional with experience in Google Maps data management. My project involves: - Inserting 'Website' information as a new entry to several destination points on Google Maps. - Regularly updating this information directly on the Google Maps platform. This position is well suited for someone with: - Practical knowledge and experience in handling Google Maps data. - Attention to detail and commitment to maintain accurate, up-to-date information. - Ability to manage bulk data and ensure information consistency across multiple destinations. Please note: This job does not involve any work on existing websites or website integration. We only need to add and maintain data directly on the Google Maps platform. *We pay when we...

We are urgently developing a comprehensive marketing analytics tool designed to integrate data from various advertising platforms, website activity, CRM, and Marketing Automation Platforms (MAP) to provide a unified view of marketing performance. We require a highly skilled and efficient Data Engineer or Architect who can handle data export processes, model and create tables and entity relationships, and develop an efficient and scalable database within a tight one-month deadline. ### Responsibilities: - Data Integration: connect and streamline data from multiple sources including ad platforms (like Google Ads, Facebook), website analytics tools (e.g., Google Analytics), CRM systems (e.g., Salesforce), and MAPs (e.g., HubSpot). - **Accelerated Database D...

Tasks : 1. Construct a queueing model that replicates a week of collecting and processing DNA samples. a. First develop a flow diagram of how the process works, from the reporting of a crime, to the eventual match/no match on the DNA database. b. Identify any conditional aspects of the process, for example if there are any stages of the process where resources only become available once the previous sample has been processed. c. Second, write out the relevant equations associated with each step of the process, and construct a formula for the overall time in system. d. Use relevant notation and write out equations using Equation Editor in Word. e. Note – the rule of thumb is that any reader can pick up your report and replicate your results by following the methods. 2. Use mean valu...

I'm after a full-fledged mobile application for my dance studio, compatible with both iOS and Android platforms. More than just communication, this must provide an all-encompassing experience for our dance studio users. Key Features Needed: - 'Class Schedules Registration': users should easily view and register for our classes. - 'Dance Tutorial Videos': Let our audience enjoy video content of dance tutorials from our studio. - 'Chat Room': A communication platform for users to discuss dance classes, schedules, or general queries. - 'Booking Studio Space': We have 2 dance studios for rent, users should be able to book them through the app. Registration Process: We require users to register for classes: - An Enroll...

I'm reaching out through this email to make another request. In this case, we have a very important client here in Spain, operating in the online product sales sector, very similar to TEMU. They are interested in having us develop a community site, very much like the following example: EXAMPLE They want their community, which currently exists as a WhatsApp group, to have access to profiles where they can comment on products, engage in forums, and build communities. The functionality required is as follows: An internal client area providing information about the user's account (already created on () but requiring additional information specific to this platform). Image galleries and sliders. Social functions such as social media sharing buttons, activity

I require a Visual Studio expert with proficiency in HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and reactJS to build an engaging site. Key Aspects of the Project: - Development of a Responsive design - Crafting an Interactive User Interface - Ensuring Dynamic Content Updates In applying, please include in your proposal: - A portfolio showcasing your Past Work, as this would give a clear understanding of your style and quality of work. Expectations for Code Quality: - I value proper framework and clarity. Hence, I anticipate code that demonstrates strict Adherence to Coding Standards. Extensive experience with reactJS and an immaculate understanding of responsive design concepts would be beneficial for this project. Efficiency, attention to details and a creative problem-solving approach are...