Stmt self employment tax jobs
...Presenting on the main topics of the book: diet modifications, stress management techniques, and the importance of regular medical check-ups - Promoting understanding and personal growth related to chronic kidney disease management Ideal Candidate Attributes: - In-depth knowledge of chronic kidney disease - Strong background in motivational and inspirational speaking - Expertise in personal growth, self-help, and lifestyle modification - Experience in preparing and delivering presentations to diverse audiences - Familiarity with the NYC speaking circuit The goal is to educate individuals about the challenges and strategies for managing chronic kidney disease effectively. Your engagement will be critical in helping manage their lifestyle transitions. This will engaged th...
I need a professional tax planning flyer for my company, centered around showcasing our services in small business tax and tax planning strategies. Key Points: - The flyer should be designed to highlight our expertise in small business tax and tax planning strategies, emphasizing the benefits of working with us - The design must be professional, reflecting our commitment to quality and expertise - The flyer should include clear contact information and our logo, which also needs to be redesigned - I am particularly interested in design elements that emphasize the importance of tax planning for small businesses and how we can help them avoid tax penalties Ideal Skills & Experience: - Graphic design expertise with a portfolio showcasing ...
We are part of a worldwide network providing drug testing services. We have a presence in multiple countries. Our client wants us to conduct drug testing around Fukuoka Japan, 819-0166. We will train you on how to do it and provide the necessary supplies and tools. You will have to either go to the client's residence or office to collect the provided urine sample or rent a meeting room to host the session. Meeting room rental costs will be borne by us. Thereafter I will guide you on how to perform the testing hygienically and you will send us the result. We will compensate you for every test done.
We are looking for a remote Swedish or Norwegian speaker operator for a customer service job . 8 hours/day, Monday - Friday. Central Europe working hours. Inbound and email customer service for an online shop. 1 week test. Bid with your cheap cost per 20 hours (the test period). Please write a couple of line of your self or better send a CV. Thank you
I am looking to purchase some art. I have written a book, actually in three volumes, that needs illustrations. While I was writing...illustrations. While I was writing I used photographs of anime figures, dragon miniatures and a few images from Google for working reference but I can't publish with these. The art I need is black & white pen & ink. Most are anime-style women. There are several demons and dragons as well. As you may have guessed the story takes place in a fantasy sword & sorcery world. I need a total of 48. I am self-publishing so my budget is limited. I hope to publish all three volumes over the next 12 months so I don't need them all at once. I can send several examples to give you an idea of what I need. Can You Help Me? If so, please repl...
Our call center is looking for a remote Swedish or Norwegian speaker operator for a customer service job . 8 hours/day, Monday - Friday. Central Europe working hours. Inbound and email customer service for an online shop. 1 week test. Bid with your cheap cost per 20 hours (the test period). Please write a couple of line of your self or better send a CV. Thank you
I'm running a Shopify based online store which is connected to Google Merchant Center. Google's informed us that we need to include tax in the product pricing shown in Google Shopping. Key Task: - Fix the price mismatch issue so that all of our products in Google Merchant Center have pricing that includes our GST tax of 15%. Ideal Candidate: - Proven experience in fixing price discrepancies Google Merchant Centre - Proficiency in handling Google Merchant Center through third-party plugins. - Strong understanding of e-commerce tax calculations. Please bid if you have the ability to effectively solve these issues without compromising website functionality.
I'm seeking assistance from professionals with experienc...Patel I am a medical student. From last few days trying for part time job but there is need of bid to apply but I don't have money to buy. If you want give me a chance then I can work for you in minimum price. Sorry for disturbance. Thank you for trusting on me. - Typing content for a self-help eBook - Designing the book's template and presenting appealing logo/banner options - Managing the overall project to ensure coherence and timely completion Your proven ability in eBook writing and designing within the self-help genre will be highly regarded. A deep understanding of project management will also set your application apart. Fluent English typing skills are a must. Here are some projects I had compl...
I am seeking a seasoned architect experienced in combining archaic and contemporary design elements. I need a self-efficient medieval castle redesigned with modern interiors while respecting its history. Key aspects for this job: - Primary Purpose: The castle will serve as a residential property. Your design should ensure homeliness and warmness to make it feel livable and comfortable. - Style and Themes: A modern style should be infused into the castle's interiors. This should extend a refreshing feel while being careful to maintain the medieval ethos. - Essential Rooms in Design: The castle redesign should notably include a modern living room, kitchen, and bedroom. Additionally, there must be provisions for panic rooms in the design. Property To Be Built In Ghana Specifica...
...Orientation**: Effective sales professionals have a strong understanding of customer needs and expectations. They aim to build long-term, trusting relationships rather than focusing solely on immediate sales. 4. **Empathy**: The ability to understand and empathize with the customer's perspective is crucial. A good salesperson can relate to individual needs and concerns. 5. **Self-Motivation**: Sales roles often require persistence and self-drive. Successful salespeople set ambitious goals and work consistently towards achieving them. 6. **Product/Service Knowledge**: A good salesperson has a deep understanding of the products or services they are selling. They can provide informed answers to customer inquiries. 7. **Organization and Time Management**: Successful s...
I'm in need of an experienced tax professional to assist with the filing and submitting of my corporation's federal tax return. C Corp in Daleware No single penny has been generated. I require someone who has a deep understanding of corporate taxation and can efficiently handle the complexities involved. Key Qualifications: - Proficiency in corporate tax law and IRS regulations - Experience with federal tax returns for corporations - Detail-oriented with exceptional organizational skills Role and Responsibilities: - Review and organize our financial details for the current tax year - Prepare and file our corporate federal tax return - Provide advice on potential tax deductions and credits. SOON AS POSSIBLE ( IN HOURS)
I'm looking for a seasoned content writer to contribute to my blog. The focus of the blog is on offering career advice and providing a general convenience for employment topics. The target audience includes experienced professionals and people who are looking for a blog that offers convenience. Key Responsibilities: - Create engaging, informative, and relevant content on a regular basis - Ensure the content is tailored towards experienced professionals - Explore topics that provide general convenience for employment related issues Ideal Candidate: - Proven experience in content writing, specifically in the career or employment sector - Ability to tailor content for a professional audience - Understanding of blog writing best practices - Creative thinking and ab...
...PAGE FULL OF THEM >> MADE TO LOOK LIKE ONLINE REVIEWS 5. A TRAVEL PAGE WITH LINKS TO COLL THINGS OF ILM 6. AGENDA PAGE FOR EACH OF THE 3 PROGRAMS Ideal Skillset: Knowledgeable in functionality, experienced in website design, membership site structure, and sales funnel optimization. Appreciates detail and has sharp problem-solving skills. I am being very detailed here so that you can self-assess whether you have the skill and interest in completing this project. It must be completed within one week. thank you!!...
Pre-employment Vetting {Ministry Of Health And Social Welfare Equatorial Guinea} I am in need of Employment verification services for my pre-employment vetting process. Skills and Experience Required: - Experience in conducting education/employment verification checks - Familiarity with the educational system and institution in Ministry Of Health And Social Welfare Equatorial Guinea. Address: C. del Rey Malabo Malabo Bioko Norte Equatorial Guinea Additional Information: - Attention to detail and accuracy are crucial in ensuring the accuracy of the verification process. Candidate Volume: - The project involves vetting 1-5 candidates. Please note that this project does not require additional verification services such as drug testing, credit checks, or social ...
I require assistance with preparing both my personal and business tax returns. need to file tax exxnsion as well Ideal Skills: - Extensive experience with personal and business tax returns - Proven track record of handling similar cases Details: - I have maintained organized financial records for the tax period in question. - I am specifically looking for support in the preparation of my returns, and not for tax planning or advice. Please reach out if you have relevant experience and can provide reliable support.
Subject: Urgent Need for Professional Tax Filing and Monthly Bookkeeping Services Project Description: I am seeking a highly skilled and knowledgeable tax professional who can urgently assist with filing tax extensions today and subsequently handle both personal and corporate tax filings for several of my clients. This opportunity also includes an ongoing requirement for simple monthly bookkeeping. Please bid first on price for personal and business taxes gig. You can message me about the bid for: personal Taxes only with extension filed today. Message me what your bid is for personal tax returns and for monthly bookkeeping services for small businesses with the client's Quiquen or Quickbooks account. Key Responsibilities: 1. **Immediate tax...
I'm in need of an Amazon virtual assistant adept in: 1. Product Research and Sourcing: - Primarily focus on home and kitchen, - Secondary focus on fashion and accessories. Knowledge and experience in these...1. Product Research and Sourcing: - Primarily focus on home and kitchen, - Secondary focus on fashion and accessories. Knowledge and experience in these product areas would be ideal. 2. Order Management and Tracking: - Monitor and update order status, - Coordinate with shipping carriers. Expertise in Amazon Seller Central and customer relationship management is preferable. Self-organization skills and ability to handle multiple tasks concisely are necessary. Good communication skills to negotiate with suppliers and shipping carriers are als...
I urgently need employment history verification for pre-employment vetting. The professional to do this job should have a robust background in carrying out this type of check and should be detail-oriented. Key tasks: - To carry out a thorough employment history check on potential employees No information about dates of employment, job titles, or company names to be verified was provided so concentrate only on employment verification. Ideal freelancer should have: - Proven experience in conducting thorough background checks - Ability to accomplish the task ASAP - Attention to detail - Great communication skills to update me on the vetting process.
I urgently require a specialist in conducting pre-employment checks, specifically focusing on verifying an individual's professional working background. your responsibilities will include: - Conducting thorough verification of employment history The following expertise is highly essential for this task: - Knowledge and experience in employment background checks - Familiarity with labor laws and employment verifications in Pretoria, South Africa - Ability to thoroughly verify information and submit results quickly Please note, years of working history to verify is unspecified thus a comprehensive check is required. This project needs to be completed as soon as possible. Quick turnaround times will be prioritized.
I am currently working on the 6th draft of my book which all about helping people find the work that makes them feel fully alive (instead of suffering in comfort). It has a table of contents and 9 chapters. Word count is 27,055 so it’s a relatively short book. The whole idea for this project started when I was thinking about what I wanted my nine-year-old twins to know about life. It got me thinking about how so many people out there feel lost and aimless, and I realised that I had gone through the same thing myself before figuring out the message I wanted to share with my kids.
In need of a freelancer well-versed in the Indian GST (Goods and Services Tax) registration process. Key responsibilities include: - Explaining the GST registration process in layman's terms - Guiding in the collection of necessary documents required for registration - Ensuring accurate filling out of the application Ideal candidates will be experts and have substantial experience helping businesses successfully register for GST. Let's demystify the complex registration process together.
I'm looking for a professional who can seamlessly incorporate Power BI reports into my self-hosted Wordpress website. The reports will primarily be used to showcase historical project analysis. To do this, you'll need: - Strong experience with Power BI and its integration methods - Proficient in Wordpress and understanding of its architecture - Ability to implement a login portal for accessing these data reports Your main task will be to set up a system for embedding and displaying Power BI reports, in a presentable and user-friendly manner. Prior experience with restricted access content is a plus. This position requires a precise, detail-oriented approach, so please apply if you're confident in your ability to meet these requirements.
I'm on the lookout for experienced professionals who excel in the following sectors: Finance, Investing, Share Market, and India-specific insights. Key Responsibilities: - Portfolio Management: It's crucial that you have a solid understanding of portfolio management, as this will be a major part of your role. - Tax Planning: To ensure our investments are maximized and tax-efficient, your expertise in tax planning is essential. - Risk Assessment: Your ability to assess risks and implement strategies to minimize them is a critical part of this job. - Comission Based Trading & Investing: I'm also looking for someone who has a proven track record in commission based trading and investing. When applying, please share your past work, particularly in the...
...forward individual, I'm looking to reinvent the way tax filing is done. I'm seeking an expert in software and app development with hands-on experience in: - Creating Tax Filing software and apps - Integrating with WhatsApp - AI-Powered write-off detection The main motive for this project is to create a platform that simplifies and updates the way users approach tax filing: - It should incorporate AI capabilities to automate the detection of write-offs. - It should enable round-the-clock access to tax professionals. - Seamless, smart tax filing should be at the core of its functionality. Moreover, I envision the integration with WhatsApp to drastically improve user convenience and communication: - Notification alerts: The system should se...
...provide proficient bookkeeping and accounting services, tax filing, and financial consulting for my operating startup in Gurgaon, India. I require a professional with: - Deep expertise in startup accountancy, bookkeeping, and taxation - Seasoned in guiding startups through their early stages. - Familiarity with the tax system in India, with a major focus on startup incentives and rebates. - Capability to handle different accounting and tax software and platforms in India Your role will include, but not be limited to: - Managing compliance by applying proper accounting methods. - Conducting routine account management and tax filing - Assisting in yearly tax filing and financial reports, remaining compliant with local and national tax laws. - ...
I'm looking for someone who can help me find a part-time job as soon as possible. I'm open to various industries, but my main aim is to secure employment quickly. Key Requirements: - Must have experience in job hunting and placement, particularly in part-time roles - Ability to identify suitable opportunities across multiple fields - Quick and efficient in sourcing and proposing job options - Excellent communication skills to negotiate and secure job placements - Strong track record in delivering quick results Please provide a brief overview of your approach and any relevant experience in helping individuals find part-time work.
...will yield the best results. Your experience and knowledge of these languages will guide the way. - The primary goal of this project is to enhance my data analysis capabilities. The websocket binary decoding solution you create should support this purpose. - I am open to both a standalone solution and integrating this into an existing project. If you think it's better to have this decoding as a self-sufficient tool, I'm okay with that. On the other hand, if you see potential in using this within a larger project, feel free to propose that to me. Ideal skills and qualifications for this project include: - Proficiency in Python, JavaScript, or Java - Strong understanding of binary decoding and websockets - Experience with data analysis would be a huge plus - Ability ...
...foreign resident for tax purposes during the year ended 30 June 2024. In answering this question, if you believe Rebecca is an Australian resident according to the ordinary concepts test, it is not necessary for you to also explain and apply any of the other 3 tests for individual residency (ie domicile test, 183-day rule and superannuation test). 2. Explain whether each of the income items in the table above should be included in Rebecca’s assessable income for the year ended 30 June 2024. 3. Explain whether each of the expense items incurred by Rebecca in the table above are tax deductible for the year ended 30 June 2024. 4. Briefly explain the process required for calculating an individual taxpayer’s net income tax liability or refund. Calculate Re...
I'm seeking a proficient tax professional who can assist me with filing tax returns for my USA-based LLC. Key Requirements: - Expertise in US tax laws and regulations for LLC companies - Proficiency in tax filing and compliance procedures - Excellent communication skills, particularly via email - Previous experience in filing taxes for LLCs would be a strong advantage Since I have no experience with tax software, the ideal candidate should be able to explain the process clearly and assist me through each step. Please reach out if you have the relevant expertise and can guide me through this process effectively.
I'm in need of an experienced web developer to create a website for my start-up HR business. I'd like to have some information on a few pages about my services, but also some key functionality as i acquire customers: * Employee Portal focused on self-service functionalities - my customers employees should be able to log into a portal that sits off mine - where they can access policies/content and also be able to click on a link to ask a question * Ability to schedule events online * Ability to accept payments * Ability to obtain details for downloads of my free information (so i have leads) The successful candidate should have a proven track record in developing intuitive, user-friendly interfaces and complex back-end processes. Depending upon growth and require...
I am looking for someone to assist me in the complete closure of my one person company. Key Details: - I don't have any outstanding debts/liabilities associated with the company. The primary task would be the legal and procedural steps required for the closure. - There is no need for financial accounting, tax assistance, or asset liquidation support. - The final goal is to ensure that the company is closed in compliance with all legalities and regulations. Ideal Skills: - Legal expertise and experience in company closure procedures. - Strong understanding of the legal and regulatory framework for the closure of a one person company. - Excellent communication skills to keep me informed throughout the process. The ideal candidate will be able to guide me through the entir...
I am seeking an ethical hacker with in-depth knowledge and experience in hacking operating systems, databases, and networks. This task requires robust technical expertise, problem-solving abilities, a...access authentically and legally - Goals and Objectives: - The hack is for educational purposes only. Thus, the acquired knowledge will be used to further my understanding of the systems and will not be utilized for any unauthorized means. To the potential freelancer, your formal education or certifications in ethical hacking or a related field will be a significant advantage. However, if you're self-taught but can demonstrate your proficiencies, please feel free to apply. Personal attributes like discretion, integrity, passion for cybersecurity, and an analytical mind are ...
...experience for those entering the information. - The PDF report generated should resemble an Excel sheet, with a detailed summary of the data provided. - We require the PDF report to be accessible at any time, allowing us to retrieve the most recent data whenever needed. - The system needs to be designed in a way that ensures the totals in the PDF report can be used for various purposes, such as tax filings and sharing information with third parties. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in web development with a focus on form building and data handling. - Experience in generating and automating PDF reports from collected data. - Ability to design a user-friendly interface, ensuring a seamless data input process. - Understanding of data management and the ability to design ...
I urgently need a specialist who can accurately and expeditiously verify the educational background and employment history of potential hires. We need a person who is detail-oriented and has great investigation skills to ensure that all the facts presented by the candidates are true and accurate. Ideal Experience/Skills: - Experience in conducting comprehensive background checks - Skilled in verifying education and employment history - An eye for detail to spot anomalies and inconsistencies We would greatly appreciate freelancers including any pertinent experience or past work in their application. Time is of the essence; hence freelancers capable of delivering quickly will have the advantage. Let's ensure our organization only brings aboard the most honest and qual...
Introduction - We're seeking a talented developer to collaborate on the development of GCC TAX GPT, a groundbreaking language model specifically designed to streamline and simplify tax processes. Problem Statement- Tax preparation and filing can be daunting and time-consuming for individuals and businesses alike. Complex tax codes, ever-changing regulations, and the potential for errors can lead to stress and financial penalties. Introducing GCC TAX GPT- GCC TAX GPT utilizes the power of Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPT) to become your intelligent tax assistant. Here's what it will offer: Automated Data Entry: GCCTAX GPT will be trained on vast amounts of tax data, enabling it to automatically extract relevant in...
I'm seeking a freelance recruitment consultant to join my team on a success-based model. Key Responsibilities: - Specializing in recruiting for all industries, with a focus on IT, Healthcare, and Finance. - Sourcing, screening, and interv...Healthcare, and Finance industries. - Track record of filling mid-level management, and entry-level positions. - Able to effectively manage both permanent and temporary recruitment requirements. - Strong communication skills and the ability to assess candidates effectively for a good fit. This role is commission based, with a strong potential for substantial earnings. The successful candidate will be self-motivated, results-driven, and willing to put in the effort for a high return. Let's connect and discuss how you can be a valuable ...
We are looking for innovative ideas to transform our traditional coffee bean grinder into a self-service machine. The goal of this project is to enhance customer experience and streamline operations by allowing customers to grind their own coffee beans. Key Objectives: Develop a user-friendly interface for the self-service machine. Implement AI technology to ensure consistent and high-quality grinding. Integrate payment and order processing features into the machine. Ensure the machine's compatibility with our existing coffee bean offerings. Expected Impact: Improved customer satisfaction through a more personalized coffee experience. Increased operational efficiency by reducing staff involvement in the grinding process. Potential for cost savings by optimizing resou...
I'm looking for someone who can help me find a part-time job as soon as possible. I'm open to various industries, but my main aim is to secure employment quickly. Key Requirements: - Must have experience in job hunting and placement, particularly in part-time roles - Ability to identify suitable opportunities across multiple fields - Quick and efficient in sourcing and proposing job options - Excellent communication skills to negotiate and secure job placements - Strong track record in delivering quick results Please provide a brief overview of your approach and any relevant experience in helping individuals find part-time work.
...industrialization and urbanization, many common Americans found solace in the tales of Horatio Alger, whose characters armed with the will of the American dream overcame adversity through hard work, perseverance, self-reliance, and self-discipline.” ï‚· “In the depths of the Great Depression, not many Americans discarded their dream. And it even became a “shared dream” when President Franklin Roosevelt signed the Social Security Act of 1935.” ï‚· “Consumerism, especially easy consumer credit deprives the American dream of its fundamental principles like working hard, thrift, perseverance, and self-discipline. Many people believe in striking rich and luck.” ï‚· “The increasingly huge gap between the rich and poor distorted th...
Welcome to this unique project opportunity! As the project's goals and specific deliverables have not been explicitly defined, this is an open-ended project perfect for a self-starter with initiative, creativity, and excellent communication skills. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Strong proactive approach - Ability to define and clarify project scope - Excellent client communication - Extensive industry experience The successful freelancer will not just wait for instructions but will be able to brainstorm ideas, suggest improvements, and tweak the project direction as required. So come prepared with a comprehensive resume, portfolio showcasing your past work, and a detailed project proposal on how you think you could add value. If this sounds like you, apply today!
I'm looking for someone who can help me find a part-time job as soon as possible. I'm open to various industries, but my main aim is to secure employment quickly. Key Requirements: - Must have experience in job hunting and placement, particularly in part-time roles - Ability to identify suitable opportunities across multiple fields - Quick and efficient in sourcing and proposing job options - Excellent communication skills to negotiate and secure job placements - Strong track record in delivering quick results Please provide a brief overview of your approach and any relevant experience in helping individuals find part-time work.
i need a tax expert to file tax extention asap
need someone to file personal and biz tax extention asap
I have a completed manuscript that I'm looking to self-publish on Kindle Direct Publishing. However, I need a skilled editor to help with the formatting. Key Requirements: - Gutter and margin adjustments: The main task is to adjust the gutter and margin areas for a professional and reader-friendly layout. - Book Size: The manuscript is in 8.5 x 11 format, and I need it to be formatted for Kindle (typically 6" x 9"). This includes adjusting the content to fit the new dimensions while maintaining readability. Additional Information: - The manuscript is already fully edited, so the focus here is on formatting only. - There's no need for specific design elements like header and footer, or chapter title stylings. - The goal is to make the book ready for Kindle ...
I'm looking for a seasoned legal professi...Thorough review of a Separation and Release Agreement which I did not sign. - Suggest legal path for mediation with employer via a change in the SRA. - Advise on how to approach my former employer legally. As I received no prior warnings or disciplinary actions, I'm convinced this termination was wrongfully instigated. The ideal candidate for this job should have: - Proven experience with employment law in the United States of America. - Strong attention to detail, particularly regarding legal documentation. - Expertise in analyzing and interpreting complicated email correspondences. - Desire to do what is morally right. Your insights would be greatly appreciated to help me review and respond to this sudden and unwarrante...
I'm in need of a proficient accountant to manage various financial tasks for my venture. The chosen professional should be well-versed in solving accounting questi...to manage various financial tasks for my venture. The chosen professional should be well-versed in solving accounting questions As I haven't specified a preferred accounting software, you can employ whatever system you are comfortable using. The scope of the work is also undecided, so a capable and flexible range in handling both large-scale tasks and simple tax filing is preferred. - Key Responsibilities: 1. Bookkeeping 2. Tax Preparation 3. Financial Analysis - Ideal Skills and Experience: 1. Proficiency in solving accounting questions 2. Thorough knowledge in accounting 3. Adap...
I'm a New Zealand-based seller looking to expand my business to Amazon US. I need assistance with setting up an Amazon account and listing my products efficiently. Key Requirements: - Create an Amazon US account: I'm unsure of the complete process and regulations for a New Zealand-based seller. This includes understanding tax implications, shipping options, and compliance. - List Ovulation Tests and Pregnancy Tests: I have these products readily available and simply need help in listing them on the Amazon platform with compelling content and accurate product descriptions. - Optimize for SEO: It's essential that the listings are SEO-optimized to ensure visibility and sales on Amazon US. Ideal Experience: - Proven experience in Amazon account setup and product listin...
So glad you're here! I am on the prowl for a skilled video creator who can bring to life a set of online courses I have prepared for individuals looking to represent themselves in court. This project will hinge on your ability to create striking, thought-provoking visual elements that effectively use my script to educate and inspire. So, here's what I need: 1....this role if you have: - Prior experience creating educational course videos - Excellency in creating detailed animations - The ability to work with scripts and shape them into engaging visuals - A knack for breaking down complex information into digestible content. If this sounds like your kind of gig, let's chat! I'm excited for us to collaborate and create a powerful learning resource aiding self-r...
As an accounting and financial services company based in India, I'm striving to extend our horizon to Australia. As such, I'm in need of skilled freelancers who can: - Identify potential clients in Australia in need of comprehensive financial services, more specifically tax preparation, bookkeeping, and financial reporting. - Communicate with potential clients to pitch our sophisticated and customized accounting solutions. - Ideally, have some familiarity with Australian tax laws and regulations or possess the willingness to learn as we may need assistance in this area. Prior experience in sales and marketing, specifically in the accounting sector is a bonus. Familiarity with Australian business culture and practices is also desirable. This job necessitates strong...
