Compare and contrast the molecular structures and mechanisms of action of the three major hormones which control the plasma glucose concentration

Completed Posted 7 years ago Paid on delivery
Completed Paid on delivery

Identify three major hormones as insulin, glucagon and glucorticoids / cortisol

• Insulin lowers plasma [glucose] – glucagon & cortisol increase plasma [glucose]

• Insulin & glucagon both peptide hormones – hydrophilic – act via different cell surface

receptors and transmembrane signalling cascades to regulate activity of glycogenolytic,

glycolytic and gluconeogenic plus lipolytic and lipogenic enzymes

• Insulin acts via tyrosine kinase cascade to increase glycogen synthesis / decrease glycogen

breakdown and inhibit hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) / stimulate lipogenesis

• Glucagon exerts rapid effects mediated via increased cAMP and activation of protein

kinase A (PKA) to activate glycogen phosphorylase and HSL

• Cortisol is a steroid hormone – hydrophobic – binds intracellular receptor (liganddependent

transcription factor) to modulate expression of genes encoding enzymes listed

above – upregulates enzymes required for lipolysis and for gluconeogenesis / reverse

glycolysis

• Identify key metabolic enzymes as glycogen phosphorylase, HSL, PEPCK, fructose 1,6-

bisP’ase and glucose-6-P’ase

• How is each metabolic enzyme regulated by insulin, glucagon and cortisol and what is the

net effect on carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism?

IMPORTANT – Additional Submission Instructions

 Revised Submission Deadline – 12 Noon on THURSDAY 15 DECEMBER

 Word Limit 1,000 words

 Please ensure that:

o The essay title appears in quotation marks (to avoid being included in the Turnitin

score for plagiarism)

o If you include any references at the end of your essay, you precede this with the

word References (spelled correctly and not in quotation marks)

Research Writing

Project ID: #12337154

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