Health care
This article is about the provision of medical care. For other uses, see Health care (disambiguation).
"Medical care" redirects here. For the health journal, see Medical Care (journal).

New York-Presbyterian Hospital inNew York City is one of the world's busiest hospitals. Pictured is the Weill-Cornell facility (white complex at centre).
Health care or healthcare is the maintenance or improvement of health via the prevention,diagnosis, and treatment of disease, illness,injury, and other physical and mental impairments in human beings. Healthcare is delivered by health professionals (providers or practitioners) in allied health professions,chiropractic, physicians, physician associates,dentistry, midwifery, nursing, medicine,optometry, audiology, pharmacy, psychology, and other health professions. It includes the work done in providing primary care,secondary care, and tertiary care, as well as inpublic health.
Access to health care may vary across countries, groups, and individuals, largely influenced by social and economic conditions as well as the health policies in place. Countries and jurisdictions have different policies and plans in relation to the personal and population-based health care goals within their societies. Healthcare systems are organisations established to meet the health needs of target populations. Their exact configuration varies between national and subnational entities. In some countries and jurisdictions, health care planning is distributed among market participants, whereas in others, planning occurs more centrally among governments or other coordinating bodies. In all cases, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), a well-functioning healthcare system requires a robust financing mechanism; a well-trained and adequately paid workforce; reliable information on which to base decisions andpolicies; and well maintained health facilitiesand logistics to deliver quality medicines and technologies.[1]
Healthcare can contribute to a significant part of a country's economy. In 2011, thehealthcare industry consumed an average of 9.3 percent of the GDP or US$ 3,322 (PPP-adjusted) per capita across the 34 members of OECD countries. The US (17.7%, or US$ PPP 8,508), the Netherlands (11.9%, 5,099),France (11.6%, 4,118), Germany (11.3%, 4,495), Canada (11.2%, 5669), and Switzerland(11%, 5,634) were the top spenders, howeverlife expectancy in total population at birth was highest in Switzerland (82.8 years), Japan andItaly (82.7), Spain and Iceland (82.4), France (82.2) and Australia (82.0), while OECD's average exceeds 80 years for the first time ever in 2011: 80.1 years, a gain of 10 years since 1970. The US (78.7 years) ranges only on place 26 among the 34 OECD member countries, but has the highest costs by far. All OECD countries have achieved universal (or almost universal) health coverage, except the US and Mexico.[2][3] (see also international comparisons.)
Health care is conventionally regarded as an important determinant in promoting the general physical and mental health and well-being of people around the world. An example of this was the worldwide eradication ofsmallpox in 1980, declared by the WHO as the first disease in human history to be completely eliminated by deliberate health care interventions.[4]
