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AIR POLLUTION FILTER EXPERIMENT
Abstract
Particle pollution in the Air is caused by particles with wide range of sizes. These particles can enter into lungs and cause serious health problems. To find out the extent of fine and coarse particulate matter existing in the surrounding Air, an experiment was conducted. A Vaseline coated coffee filter exposed to the Air for about 4 weeks turned out to become dirty black along with few bugs trapped onto it. It shows that coarse particles are existing in the Air which might be harmful to our respiratory system.
Introduction
To find out air quality index (anything above this value is unhealthy to sensitive groups) that is monitored by the Environment protection agency to keep in track of extent of air pollution, knowledge of particulate matter of various sizes lying in the air can be monitored by various ways. EPA calculates the AQI for five major air pollutants like ground-level ozone, particle pollution (also known as particulate matter), carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. The higher the AQI value, the greater will be the level of air pollution and greater is the health concern. AQI ranges from 50 to 300 for good to hazardous air quality respectively. AQI of 300 or more than that leads to significant aggravation of heart or lung disease and premature mortality in people with cardiopulmonary disease and older adults. Significant increase in respiratory effects in general population also results. In this study, air quality is checked for air pollutants by using a coffee filter coated with Vaseline and keeping it exposed to the Air for long period and observed for the dirt deposition on it.
Methodology
A coffee filter with a fiber or steel handle is taken and a small hole is made at half inch below the rim of it. Smear Vaseline or petroleum jelly all over the filter on both its sides as a thick layer. Now take a wire and tie one end of it to the filter and make it hang on to a tree branch that just sticks out from the tree trunk. Care should be taken that neither the filter head acting as the particle trap nor its handle gets disturbed by the heavy winds. After one week the first observation is made. Later at the end of each week and for about four weeks the observations are made. If the concentration of PM10 is above the proposed range 50-150 ug/mm3, then it is unhealthy for sensitive people. If it is in this range then it is safe for all people which means, AQI range also falls below 100.
Results and discussion
The appearance of the coated filter before it was exposed to air was in filter and Vaseline colors. The state of the filter coated with Vaseline was not changed very much after first and second weeks. Change in the color started appearing in the third week and the filter was filled up with dust and few bugs at the end of fourth week. The layer was gently pressed on plastic sheet to remove it from filter. Now the concentration of dust accumulated was measured and calculated as 200ug/mm3 units which give the concentration of PM10 dust particles available in the air. The conversion of dust concentration to AQI is calculated in a calculator available in the website showing air quality forecast maps which is shown in the table below.
WEEK Concentration of dust (ug/mm3) Air quality index
1 0 0
2 0 0
3 100 73
4 200 123
Conclusion
This is equivalent to AQI of 123 which means the air pollution is unhealthy to sensitive people like those having respiratory or heart problems. With this Air quality index there is increasing likelihood of respiratory symptoms and aggravation of lung disease, such as asthma as given in standard national air quality summary given by an organization
